Meprin A subunit alpha, also known as MEP1A, is a protein-coding gene that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is part of the meprin A complex, which is involved in proteolysis, the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. This article provides a detailed overview of the background, structure, function, and significance of Meprin A subunit alpha, particularly focusing on its human recombinant form.
The MEP1A gene encodes the Meprin A subunit alpha protein. This protein is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the peptidase M12A family . The gene is located on chromosome 6 in humans and is known for its metalloendopeptidase activity, which is essential for the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins .
The Meprin A subunit alpha protein contains several important domains:
Meprin A subunit alpha is primarily expressed in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. It is secreted into the urinary tract and intestinal lumen and can also be found in leukocytes and cancer cells under certain conditions . The protein is capable of proteolytically degrading extracellular matrix proteins and processing bioactive proteins, which makes it significant in various physiological and pathological processes.
The recombinant form of Meprin A subunit alpha is produced using DNA sequences encoding the human MEP1A extracellular domain. This recombinant protein is often fused with a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus to facilitate purification . The recombinant human Meprin A subunit alpha is expressed in HEK293 cells and is typically purified to a high degree of purity (>90%) as determined by SDS-PAGE .
Recombinant Meprin A subunit alpha has several applications in research and medicine: