MG Human

hMG is derived from the urine of postmenopausal women. During menopause, women experience a hypergonadotropic state, characterized by elevated levels of FSH and LH. This unique hormonal profile makes their urine a valuable source for extracting these gonadotropins .

The extraction of gonadotropins from urine was first achieved by Piero Donini in 1949. However, it was Bruno Lunenfeld who successfully introduced menotropins into clinical use in 1961 . Initially, menotropin preparations contained FSH and LH in a 1:1 ratio. Over time, it was recognized that FSH plays a more critical role in follicle stimulation, leading to the development of newer preparations with a higher FSH/LH ratio .

hMG is used in various fertility treatments, including:

• Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS): In procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial insemination (AI), hMG stimulates the ovaries to mature multiple follicles .
• Treatment of Female Infertility: It addresses conditions such as primary or secondary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and anovulation .
• Male Infertility: hMG can stimulate sperm production in men with hypogonadism or other pituitary-related issues .

hMG is typically administered via daily injections, either intramuscularly or subcutaneously, for about ten days. The dosage and duration of therapy are closely monitored and adjusted by healthcare professionals to optimize treatment outcomes .

While hMG is effective, it carries a theoretical risk of infection due to its derivation from human urine. However, no irrefutable evidence has demonstrated infectivity from such products . Recombinant gonadotropins, produced through genetic engineering, offer an alternative to hMG. These recombinant versions provide pure FSH or LH without other proteins that may be present in urinary-derived preparations .