LL-37
LL37, antibacterial protein LL-37, cathelicidin LL 37, camp.
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Greater than 97.0% as determined by analysis by RP-HPLC.
Description
LL-37 Synthetic is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 37 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 4493 Dalton and a Molecular formula of C205H340N60O53.
Product Specs
LL37, antibacterial protein LL-37, cathelicidin LL 37, camp.
H-Leu-Leu-Gly-Asp-Phe-Phe-Arg-Lys-Ser-Lys-Glu-Lys-Ile-Gly-Lys-Glu-Phe-Lys-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys-Asp-Phe-Leu-Arg-Asn-Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Thr-Glu-Ser-OH.
Product Science Overview
LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide. It is a 37-amino acid cationic peptide generated by the extracellular cleavage of the C-terminal end of the 18-kDa precursor protein, hCAP18, by serine proteases such as kallikreins in keratinocytes and proteinase 3 in neutrophils . The peptide is named “LL-37” based on its sequence, which starts with two leucine residues.
LL-37 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, making it effective against various pathogens. Beyond its antimicrobial properties, LL-37 has been shown to modulate immune responses, influence cell proliferation, and promote wound healing . It can neutralize endotoxins, bind to lipopolysaccharides, and inhibit biofilm formation, further enhancing its protective role in the immune system .
LL-37 is expressed in various tissues and cell types, including epithelial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. It is found in the skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs . The expression of LL-37 can be induced by inflammatory stimuli, infections, and tissue injury, highlighting its role in immune defense and tissue repair .
LL-37’s primary function is to act as an antimicrobial agent, directly killing pathogens through membrane disruption. However, it also plays a significant role in modulating the immune system. LL-37 can attract immune cells to sites of infection, promote the release of cytokines and chemokines, and enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages . Additionally, LL-37 has been implicated in the regulation of adaptive immune responses and the modulation of inflammatory pathways .
The expression and activity of LL-37 are tightly regulated to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent excessive inflammation. Various factors, including microbial components, cytokines, and growth factors, can influence the production of LL-37 . Dysregulation of LL-37 expression has been associated with several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis .
