LAMTOR2 Human

LAMTOR2 is a member of the GAMAD family and is highly conserved across species. The human recombinant LAMTOR2 protein is typically produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 148 amino acids, with a molecular mass of approximately 15.9 kDa . The protein is often fused to a polyhistidine tag (His-tag) at the N-terminus to facilitate purification .

LAMTOR2 is an essential component of the Ragulator complex, which is involved in the activation of the mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling pathway. This pathway is critical for regulating cell growth, proliferation, and survival in response to nutrients, energy levels, and growth factors . LAMTOR2, along with other components of the Ragulator complex, recruits the Rag GTPases and the mTORC1 complex to lysosomes, a key step in the activation of the mTOR signaling cascade by amino acids .

Additionally, LAMTOR2 acts as an adaptor protein that enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, facilitating the activation of MAPK2 . This interaction is crucial for various cellular processes, including endosomal biogenesis and signal transduction.

Mutations in the LAMTOR2 gene have been associated with primary immunodeficiency syndrome in humans . This suggests that LAMTOR2 plays a significant role in the immune system, particularly in the development and function of immune cells. The protein’s involvement in endosomal biogenesis further underscores its importance in cellular homeostasis and immune responses .

Human recombinant LAMTOR2 is produced using recombinant DNA technology. The gene encoding LAMTOR2 is cloned into an expression vector and introduced into E. coli cells, which then produce the protein. The recombinant protein is purified using chromatographic techniques, often involving the His-tag for affinity purification .

The purified LAMTOR2 protein is typically formulated in a buffer solution containing Tris-HCl, NaCl, glycerol, and DTT (dithiothreitol) to maintain stability and activity . The protein is stored at low temperatures to prevent degradation and maintain its functional integrity .

Recombinant LAMTOR2 is widely used in biochemical and cellular research to study the mTOR signaling pathway, endosomal biogenesis, and related cellular processes. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying cell growth, proliferation, and immune responses .