KRT19 Human

Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) is a type I intermediate filament protein that is part of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. It is encoded by the KRT19 gene in humans and is characterized by its low molecular weight and acidic nature .

Cytokeratin 19 is unique among cytokeratins as it lacks a C-terminal tail domain, which is typically present in other cytokeratins. This structural peculiarity contributes to its distinct biochemical properties and functional roles within the cell . The protein is expressed in a variety of epithelial tissues, including those of the liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract .

The primary function of Cytokeratin 19 is to provide structural support and maintain the integrity of epithelial cells. It forms a network of intermediate filaments that help cells withstand mechanical stress and maintain their shape . Additionally, Cytokeratin 19 plays a role in cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis .

Cytokeratin 19 interacts with other cytokeratins and proteins to form a stable filamentous network within the cytoplasm. This network is essential for the mechanical stability of epithelial cells and their ability to resist deformation . The protein also participates in signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and differentiation .

The expression of Cytokeratin 19 is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Various transcription factors and signaling molecules influence the expression of the KRT19 gene, ensuring that the protein is produced in response to specific cellular needs . Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, also play a role in modulating the function and stability of Cytokeratin 19 .

Recombinant Cytokeratin 19 is produced using genetic engineering techniques, typically in bacterial or mammalian expression systems. The recombinant protein retains the structural and functional properties of the native protein, making it useful for research and diagnostic applications . It is commonly used in assays such as ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to study epithelial cell biology and disease mechanisms .

Recombinant Cytokeratin 19 is widely used in biomedical research to investigate the role of cytokeratins in health and disease. It serves as a biomarker for various cancers, including breast, lung, and colorectal cancers, where its expression levels can provide diagnostic and prognostic information . Additionally, it is used in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting epithelial cell dysfunction and malignancies .