The IMMP2L gene is located on chromosome 7 at the band 7q31.1 and consists of 18 exons . The gene encodes for the inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase subunit 2, which is an enzyme involved in the removal of transit peptides. These peptides are essential for targeting proteins from the mitochondrial matrix, across the inner membrane, into the intermembrane space .
The IMMP2L protein has two isoforms due to alternative splicing. One isoform is composed of 175 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 19.7 kDa, while the other isoform consists of 110 amino acids with a molecular weight of around 12.3 kDa .
IMMP2L is a part of the mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase (IMP) complex, which is essential for the catalytic activity required to process mitochondrial proteins . The primary function of IMMP2L is to catalyze the removal of transit peptides from precursor proteins, facilitating their proper localization within the mitochondria . One of the known substrates processed by IMMP2L is the nuclear-encoded protein DIABLO .
Mutations or dysregulation of the IMMP2L gene have been associated with various disorders. Notably, IMMP2L has been linked to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Dystonia 7, Torsion . The protein’s role in mitochondrial function underscores its importance in cellular energy metabolism and overall cellular health.
Recombinant forms of IMMP2L are used in research to study mitochondrial protein processing and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in various diseases. Understanding the function and regulation of IMMP2L can provide insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial-related disorders.