IGFLR1 is classified as a protein-coding gene and is also known by several aliases, including TMEM149 and U2AF1L4 . It belongs to the IGF-like (IGFL) family, which includes four genes (IGFL1, IGFL2, IGFL3, IGFL4) and two pseudogenes (IGFL1P1 and IGFL1P2) . The IGFL family is characterized by small secreted proteins containing conserved cysteine residues .
The primary function of IGFLR1 is to act as a receptor for IGF-like family proteins. It plays a significant role in cell growth, proliferation, and survival . The receptor is upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and is involved in tissue inflammation . IGFLR1 is also implicated in various diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxia .
IGFLR1 mediates its effects through binding to IGF-like proteins, which triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways promote cell division, growth, and differentiation . The receptor’s activation is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to external stimuli .
The expression and activity of IGFLR1 are regulated by various factors, including cytokines and growth factors . The receptor’s regulation is essential for its role in inflammation and immune responses . Additionally, IGFLR1 is involved in the regulation of other growth factor pathways, such as TGF-β and EGF .