Heat Shock 22kDa Protein 8 (HSPB8), also known as Heat Shock Protein Beta-8 or HSP22, is a member of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) family. These proteins play crucial roles in cellular protection under stress conditions, such as elevated temperatures, toxins, and other environmental stressors .
HSPB8 exhibits chaperone-like activity, which is essential for its role in various cellular processes, including protein folding, stabilization, and repair . It is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart tissues . HSPB8 is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and macroautophagy, often in association with the co-chaperone Bag3 .
HSPB8 functions as a molecular chaperone, preventing improper intra- and intermolecular interactions. It helps in the folding and stabilization of newly synthesized proteins and the repair of damaged proteins . Additionally, HSPB8 undergoes autophosphorylation and can phosphorylate exogenous protein substrates, indicating its role as an atypical serine/threonine protein kinase .
The expression of HSPB8 is induced by various stress conditions, including heat shock, toxins, and inflammation . It is also regulated by estrogen in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells . Mutations in the HSPB8 gene have been associated with neuromuscular diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy .
HSPB8’s chaperone activity and its role in cellular stress responses make it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers . Its involvement in protein homeostasis and cell survival pathways highlights its importance in maintaining cellular integrity under stress conditions .