HIV-1/2 ELISA
Escherichia Coli.
2 vials of sterile Filtered clear colorless solution.
Protein is >95% pure as determined by 10% PAGE (coomassie staining).
Description
Paired HIV antigens for ELISA test contain HIV1 gp41 and HIV2 gp36 which are used to detect HIV1 and HIV2 antibody from the infected patients. Please note that when ordering for example: 100µg HIV-1/2 ELISA we ship 50µg from each of the antibodies (100µg in total).
Product Specs
This product consists of paired HIV antigens, HIV1 gp41 and HIV2 gp36, intended for use in ELISA tests. These antigens are designed to identify antibodies against both HIV1 and HIV2 in patient samples. It's important to note that when placing an order, for instance, for 100µg of HIV-1/2 ELISA, you will receive 50µg of each antibody, totaling 100µg.
The product is supplied in two vials. Each vial contains a sterile, filtered solution that is clear and colorless.
The formulation for HIV1 gp41 is 25mM K2CO3 and PBS.
The formulation for HIV2 gp36 is 25mM K2CO3 and PBS.
For storage periods of up to one month, the HIV-1/2 Rapid should be kept at a temperature of 4°C. If longer storage is required, it is recommended to store it at -20°C. Repeated freezing and thawing of the product should be avoided.
Analysis using 10% PAGE with Coomassie staining has determined that the protein purity is greater than 95%.
Escherichia Coli.
Product Science Overview
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 and HIV-2 are the two main types of HIV, with HIV-1 being the most prevalent globally. The detection and diagnosis of HIV infections are crucial for managing and controlling the spread of the virus. One of the primary methods used for this purpose is the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), which has evolved significantly over the years.
The ELISA technique was first introduced in the 1970s and has since become a standard method for detecting antibodies and antigens in various diseases, including HIV. The initial HIV ELISA tests used viral lysates, which contained a mixture of viral proteins. However, these tests had limitations in terms of specificity and sensitivity.
With the cloning of the HIV genome, improved assays based on recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides, known as second-generation assays, became available . These assays used specific recombinant antigens from HIV-1 and HIV-2, which significantly enhanced the accuracy of the tests.
The HIV-1/2 ELISA Recombinant is a type of second-generation assay that uses recombinant proteins from both HIV-1 and HIV-2. These recombinant proteins are produced using genetic engineering techniques, where the genes encoding specific HIV proteins are inserted into bacterial or yeast cells, which then produce the proteins in large quantities.
The recombinant proteins used in HIV-1/2 ELISA include:
- gp41 and p24 from HIV-1: gp41 is a glycoprotein found on the surface of the virus, while p24 is a core protein. These proteins are highly immunogenic and are commonly used in diagnostic assays.
- gp36 from HIV-2: Similar to gp41 in HIV-1, gp36 is a surface glycoprotein in HIV-2 and is used for detecting HIV-2 specific antibodies .
The HIV-1/2 ELISA Recombinant works by detecting antibodies produced by the immune system in response to HIV infection. The test involves the following steps:
- Coating: The wells of a microplate are coated with recombinant HIV-1 and HIV-2 antigens.
- Sample Addition: The patient’s serum or plasma sample is added to the wells. If HIV-specific antibodies are present, they will bind to the antigens.
- Detection: An enzyme-linked secondary antibody, which binds to the HIV-specific antibodies, is added. This secondary antibody is usually conjugated with an enzyme such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
- Substrate Addition: A substrate for the enzyme is added, which produces a color change if the enzyme is present. The intensity of the color is proportional to the amount of HIV-specific antibodies in the sample.
- Reading: The results are read using a spectrophotometer, which measures the absorbance of the color produced.
- High Sensitivity and Specificity: The use of recombinant proteins ensures that the test is highly specific to HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, reducing the likelihood of false positives and negatives .
- Early Detection: The test can detect HIV-specific antibodies during the early stages of infection, which is crucial for timely intervention and treatment.
- Standardization: Recombinant proteins provide a consistent and reliable source of antigens, ensuring that the test results are reproducible and accurate.
