HIV-1 nef
HIV-1 nef Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT21876
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless clear solution.
Purity
Greater than 95.0% as determined by HPLC analysis and SDS-PAGE.
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
Shipped with Ice Packs 
In Stock 
Description
The E.coli derived 20kDa recombinant protein genotype IIIB is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain, containing the HIV-1 nef immunodominant regions, 3-190 amino acids. The HIV-1 nef is fused to beta-galactosidase (114 kDa) at the N-terminus.
Product Specs
Introduction
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus known as a retrovirus. It weakens the immune system, making individuals vulnerable to infections that wouldn't typically pose a threat. HIV specifically targets crucial immune cells, including helper T cells (particularly CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. These CD4+ T cells are vital for a robust immune response. HIV diminishes their numbers through: 1) direct destruction of infected cells, 2) increased programmed cell death (apoptosis) in infected cells, and 3) elimination of infected CD4+ T cells by other immune cells (CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes). When CD4+ T cell counts plummet below a critical threshold, the body's ability to fight off infections is severely compromised. HIV is classified as a lentivirus, belonging to the retroviridae family. Lentiviruses share common characteristics in terms of their structure and behavior, typically causing long-lasting illnesses with extended periods before symptoms emerge. These viruses are enveloped and contain single-stranded RNA as their genetic material. Upon infecting a cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase converts the viral RNA into DNA, which then integrates into the host cell's DNA, allowing the virus to replicate. Once inside a cell, HIV can remain dormant or actively produce new viral particles to infect other cells.
Description
This recombinant protein, derived from E. coli and weighing 20kDa, represents genotype IIIB of the HIV-1 nef protein. It is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain encompassing amino acids 3-190, representing the immunodominant regions of HIV-1 nef. The protein is expressed with a beta-galactosidase tag (114 kDa) fused to its N-terminus.
Physical Appearance
A clear and colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Formulation
The HIV-1 nef protein is supplied in a solution containing 8M urea, 20mM Tris-HCl at a pH of 8.0, and 10mM b-mercaptoethanol.
Purity
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and SDS-PAGE analyses indicate a purity exceeding 95.0%.
Stability
For optimal stability, store HIV-1 nef below -18°C. While it can remain stable at 4°C for up to one week, repeated freezing and thawing cycles should be avoided.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
kwskssv igwptvrerm rraepaadgv gaasqdlekh gaitssntaa tnadcawlea
qeeeevgfpv tpqvplrpmt ykaavdlshf lkekgglegl ihsqrrqdil dlwiyhtqgy
fpdwqnytpg pgirypltfg wcyklvpvep ekleeankge ntsllhpvsl hgmddperev
lewrfdsrla.
qeeeevgfpv tpqvplrpmt ykaavdlshf lkekgglegl ihsqrrqdil dlwiyhtqgy
fpdwqnytpg pgirypltfg wcyklvpvep ekleeankge ntsllhpvsl hgmddperev
lewrfdsrla.
Product Science Overview
Introduction
HIV-1 Nef (Negative Factor) is a multifunctional protein encoded by the nef gene of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). It plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 by modulating various cellular processes to enhance viral replication and immune evasion. Recombinant HIV-1 Nef proteins are produced using various expression systems for research and diagnostic purposes.
Structure and Function
Nef is a 27 kDa myristoylated protein that is expressed early in the viral life cycle. It is involved in several key functions:
- Downregulation of CD4 and MHC-I: Nef reduces the surface expression of CD4 and MHC-I molecules, helping the virus evade the host immune response.
- Enhancement of Viral Infectivity: Nef increases the infectivity of progeny virions, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood.
- Modulation of Signaling Pathways: Nef interacts with various cellular signaling molecules, altering pathways to benefit viral replication and persistence.
Expression Systems
Recombinant HIV-1 Nef proteins have been expressed in a variety of host systems, including:
- Escherichia coli (E. coli): This is the most common system due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, the lack of post-translational modifications in E. coli can be a limitation .
- Yeast (S. cerevisiae): Offers some post-translational modifications but may still lack the complexity of mammalian systems .
- Insect Cells (Sf9): Provide more complex post-translational modifications compared to yeast and bacteria .
- Mammalian Cells: These systems offer the most accurate post-translational modifications, making them ideal for producing biologically active Nef proteins .
Applications
Recombinant HIV-1 Nef proteins are used in various research and diagnostic applications:
- Vaccine Development: Nef is considered a promising target for HIV vaccine development due to its role in immune evasion and viral replication .
- Immunological Studies: Nef’s ability to modulate immune responses makes it a valuable tool for studying HIV pathogenesis and host-virus interactions .
- Diagnostic Tools: Recombinant Nef proteins are used in diagnostic assays to detect HIV infection and monitor disease progression .
Challenges and Future Directions
Despite significant progress, several challenges remain in the production and application of recombinant HIV-1 Nef proteins:
- Protein Stability: Achieving stable expression and purification of Nef can be challenging due to its tendency to aggregate .
- Functional Studies: Understanding the full range of Nef’s functions and interactions at the molecular level is still an ongoing area of research .
Future research aims to overcome these challenges and harness the potential of Nef for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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