HINT2 Antibody

Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 2 (HINT2) is a mitochondrial protein encoded by the HINT2 gene located on chromosome 9 in humans . It belongs to the histidine triad (HIT) protein family, characterized by a conserved histidine triad motif (H-X-H-X-H-X-X), which is crucial for its enzymatic activity .

HINT2 exhibits adenosine 5’-monophosphoramidase activity, hydrolyzing purine nucleotide phosphoramidates with a single phosphate group, such as adenosine 5’-monophosphoramidate (AMP-NH2), to yield AMP and NH2 . It also hydrolyzes adenosine 5’-O-p-nitrophenylphosphoramidate (AMP-pNA) and fluorogenic purine nucleoside tryptamine phosphoramidates in vitro .

HINT2 is predominantly expressed in the liver and heart, with lower expression levels in other tissues . Its expression is crucial for maintaining normal mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, particularly in the liver and heart .

HINT2 plays a significant role in various biological processes, including:

• Energy Metabolism: HINT2 is involved in steroid biosynthesis and energy metabolism, particularly after myocardial infarction .
• Apoptosis: It may play a role in apoptosis, contributing to the regulation of cell death .
• Tumor Suppression: HINT2 has been suggested to contribute to tumor suppression, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear .

HINT2’s enzymatic activity involves hydrolyzing purine nucleotide phosphoramidates, which is essential for its role in energy metabolism and apoptosis . It interacts with various proteins, including PDK4, to regulate glucose metabolism and cardiac function .

The regulation of HINT2 expression and activity is not fully understood. However, it is known that HINT2 deficiency can lead to metabolic disorders, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, by disrupting normal mitochondrial function and energy metabolism .

Mouse anti-human antibodies are secondary antibodies generated by immunizing mice with human immunoglobulins. These antibodies are used in various applications, including ELISA, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, and Immunohistochemistry, to detect and quantify human proteins . They offer increased versatility and sensitivity through signal amplification, enabling the detection of low-abundance targets .