HDV

Hepatitis D Virus Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT17885
Source
Synonyms
Appearance
Purity
Protein is >95% pure as determined by 10% PAGE (Coomassie staining).
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. They may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
Shipped with Ice Packs
In Stock

Description

The E.Coli derived recombinant protein contains the HDV immunodominant regions.

Product Specs

Introduction
The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genome is a closed circular, single-stranded RNA molecule with a negative polarity. Its nucleotide sequence exhibits approximately 70% self-complementarity, enabling the formation of a partially double-stranded RNA structure resembling a rod. Comprising around 1700 nucleotides, the HDV genome shares similarities with viroids, a class of plant viruses, leading to speculation about a possible evolutionary link. This hypothesis is supported by the shared characteristics of existing as single-stranded, closed circular RNAs with rod-like structures. Furthermore, both HDV and viroids possess RNA sequences capable of adopting catalytically active conformations known as ribozymes.
Description
This recombinant protein, derived from E. coli, encompasses the immunodominant regions of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV).
Purity
The purity of the protein exceeds 95%, as assessed by 10% PAGE (Coomassie staining).
Formulation
The protein is supplied in a buffer containing 50mM Tris (pH 8) and 8M urea.
Stability
HDV, while stable at 4°C for up to one week, should ideally be stored below -18°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.
Purification Method

Purified by proprietary chromatographic technique.

Specificity
Immunoreactive with sera HDV-infected individuals.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

Hepatitis D, also known as Hepatitis Delta, is a type of viral hepatitis caused by the Hepatitis D virus (HDV). It is unique among the hepatitis viruses because it requires the presence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate and propagate. This dependency makes HDV a satellite virus, and its infection is considered one of the most severe forms of chronic viral hepatitis due to its rapid progression towards liver-related complications.

Virology and Structure

HDV is a small, spherical, enveloped particle with a diameter of approximately 36 nm. The viral envelope contains host phospholipids and three proteins derived from HBV: the large, medium, and small hepatitis B surface antigens. Inside the envelope, the virus contains a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle, which includes the HDV genome surrounded by about 200 molecules of hepatitis D antigen (HDAg). The HDV genome is a negative-sense, single-stranded, closed circular RNA, making it the smallest known virus to infect animals .

Transmission and Infection

HDV can be transmitted through broken skin (via injection, tattooing, etc.) or contact with infected blood or blood products. Transmission from mother to child is rare. HDV infection occurs either through simultaneous infection with HBV (co-infection) or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection). The latter is considered the most serious type of viral hepatitis due to its severity and complications, including a higher likelihood of liver failure and rapid progression to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer .

Epidemiology

Globally, HDV affects nearly 5% of people with chronic HBV infection. Certain populations are more likely to have HBV and HDV co-infection, including indigenous populations, recipients of haemodialysis, and people who inject drugs. Geographical hotspots of high HDV prevalence include Mongolia, the Republic of Moldova, and countries in western and central Africa .

Clinical Manifestations

The clinical manifestations of HDV infection can range from mild to severe. Symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Chronic HDV infection can lead to severe liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The combination of HDV and HBV infection has the highest fatality rate among all hepatitis infections, with an estimated 20% mortality rate .

Prevention and Treatment

Vaccination against HBV is the primary method to prevent HDV infection, as HDV cannot propagate without HBV. Despite the availability of HBV vaccines, treatment success rates for HDV infection remain low. Antiviral treatments and pegylated interferon alpha are used to manage HDV infection, but their efficacy is limited. Bulevirtide, a newer medication, has shown promise in treating HDV .

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