H2AFZ Human

H2A Histone Family, Member Z Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT14104
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
H2A Histone Family, Member Z, H2AZ, H2A/z, H2A.Z-1, H2A.z, H2AZ Histone, Histone H2A.Z.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Purity
Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

H2AFZ Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 151 amino acids (1-128 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 15.9kDa.
H2AFZ is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Product Specs

Introduction
Histone H2A.Z (H2AFZ) is a member of the histone H2A family. Histones are essential proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They play a crucial role in packaging and organizing DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. Each nucleosome comprises a histone octamer, consisting of two copies each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, around which approximately 146 base pairs of DNA are wrapped. H2AFZ is involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin, a tightly packed form of chromatin, and is vital for the proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Notably, variant Histone H2A can substitute for conventional H2A in specific nucleosomes. Studies conducted in mice have revealed that this particular histone is indispensable for embryonic development, with the absence of functional histone H2A leading to embryonic lethality.
Description
Recombinant human H2AFZ, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 151 amino acids (1-128 a.a). It has a molecular weight of 15.9 kDa. This protein includes a 23 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Physical Appearance
A clear solution that has undergone sterile filtration.
Formulation
The H2AFZ protein solution is provided at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. It is formulated in a buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 0.4 M Urea, and 10% glycerol.
Stability
For optimal storage, the H2AFZ protein should be kept at 4°C if the entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. For extended storage periods, it is recommended to freeze the protein at -20°C. To ensure long-term stability, adding a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is advisable. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.
Purity
The purity of H2AFZ is determined to be greater than 85% using SDS-PAGE analysis.
Synonyms
H2A Histone Family, Member Z, H2AZ, H2A/z, H2A.Z-1, H2A.z, H2AZ Histone, Histone H2A.Z.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSMAGGKAG KDSGKAKTKA VSRSQRAGLQ FPVGRIHRHL KSRTTSHGRV GATAAVYSAA ILEYLTAEVL ELAGNASKDL KVKRITPRHL QLAIRGDEEL DSLIKATIAG GGVIPHIHKS LIGKKGQQKT V

Product Science Overview

Introduction

H2A.Z, also known as H2AFZ, is a variant of the H2A histone family. Histones are proteins that play a crucial role in the organization and regulation of DNA within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. H2A.Z is highly conserved across species, from yeast to humans, with about 90% of its primary sequence preserved . This conservation underscores its essential role in various cellular processes.

Structure and Function

Histones, including H2A.Z, are integral components of nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin. A nucleosome consists of approximately 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer, which includes two copies each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 . H2A.Z is distinct from the canonical H2A histone, showing only about 60% homology with it . This difference allows H2A.Z to perform unique functions that are not shared by the canonical H2A.

H2A.Z is involved in several critical processes, including:

  • Transcriptional Regulation: H2A.Z plays a role in both the activation and repression of gene transcription. It is incorporated into chromatin in a replication-independent manner, meaning it can be added to chromatin outside of DNA replication .
  • DNA Repair: H2A.Z is implicated in the repair of DNA damage, helping to maintain genome stability .
  • Chromatin Dynamics: The presence of H2A.Z in nucleosomes affects the stability and structure of chromatin, making it more dynamic and accessible to regulatory proteins .
Variants and Modifications

H2A.Z exists in multiple variants, with H2A.Z.2.2 being one of the notable ones. This variant is alternatively spliced and causes significant nucleosome destabilization, which can impact gene expression and chromatin structure . Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation and ubiquitination of H2A.Z also play a crucial role in its function, influencing its interaction with other proteins and its incorporation into chromatin .

Biological Significance

The unique properties of H2A.Z make it a key player in various biological processes. Its ability to modulate chromatin structure and function allows it to participate in the fine-tuning of gene expression, DNA repair, and other essential cellular activities. The study of H2A.Z and its variants continues to provide insights into the complex regulation of chromatin and its impact on cellular function and disease.

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