GNG12 Human

GNG12 is a small protein consisting of 92 amino acids and has a molecular mass of approximately 10.1 kDa . It is produced in E. coli as a recombinant protein, which means it is synthesized using bacterial expression systems to ensure high purity and yield .

GNG12 is involved in various signaling pathways as a modulator or transducer. The beta and gamma subunits of G proteins, including GNG12, are essential for the GTPase activity, the replacement of GDP by GTP, and the interaction with G protein effectors . This protein is particularly important in the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway, which is involved in numerous physiological processes .

The GNG12 protein plays a significant role in the regulation of several cellular processes. It is involved in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines through the ADORA2B-mediated pathway and thromboxane signaling through the TP receptor . Additionally, GNG12 is located in extracellular exosomes, which are small vesicles involved in cell communication and the transfer of molecules between cells .

Mutations or dysregulation of the GNG12 gene can be associated with various diseases. For instance, it has been linked to intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 38, and holoprosencephaly 5 . Understanding the function and regulation of GNG12 is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for these conditions.

Recombinant GNG12 is widely used in research to study its role in cellular signaling and disease mechanisms. It is also utilized in the development of assays and therapeutic interventions targeting G protein-coupled signaling pathways .