GNAI3 Human
Description
GNAI3 is fused to a 23 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, commonly known as G proteins, play a crucial role in various transmembrane signaling pathways. These proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha subunit, in particular, is responsible for binding guanine nucleotides and is pivotal in the regulation of signal transduction.
The GNAI3 gene encodes the alpha subunit of the inhibitory G protein (Gαi3). This gene is part of the G-alpha family and is involved in modulating or transducing signals across cell membranes . The GNAI3 gene is located on chromosome 1 and has been associated with several important cellular functions and pathways.
The alpha subunit encoded by GNAI3 alternates between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. When a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is activated, it promotes the release of GDP and the binding of GTP to the alpha subunit. This activation triggers the alpha subunit to interact with various effector proteins, such as adenylyl cyclase, which in turn influences numerous cellular activities .
The Gαi3 subunit specifically inhibits the activity of adenylyl cyclase, reducing the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) within the cell. This inhibition is crucial for regulating various physiological processes, including cell growth, division, and differentiation .
Mutations in the GNAI3 gene have been linked to auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND), a rare genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities such as question mark ears, mandibular condyle hypoplasia, and micrognathia . These mutations can affect the downstream targets in the G protein-coupled endothelin receptor pathway, leading to the clinical manifestations of the syndrome.
Human recombinant GNAI3 proteins are widely used in research to study the mechanisms of G protein signaling and their role in various diseases. These recombinant proteins are produced using advanced biotechnological methods, ensuring high purity and activity. They serve as valuable tools for investigating the molecular interactions and regulatory mechanisms of G proteins in cellular signaling pathways.
