GMPR2 Human

Guanosine Monophosphate Reductase 2 (GMPR2) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the purine nucleotide cycle. It catalyzes the irreversible and NADPH-dependent reductive deamination of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) to inosine monophosphate (IMP) . This reaction is essential for maintaining the balance of adenine and guanine nucleotides within the cell.

The GMPR2 gene is located on chromosome 14q12 and spans more than 6.6 kilobases . It contains ten exons and nine introns . The protein encoded by this gene has a molecular mass of approximately 37.9 kilodaltons and consists of 348 amino acids . GMPR2 shares a high degree of sequence identity with GMPR1, another isoenzyme of guanosine monophosphate reductase .

GMPR2 is ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues, including the heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, brain, liver, and placenta . It is also expressed in several cancer cell lines . The enzyme’s primary function is to convert GMP to IMP, which can then be redirected to adenine monophosphate (AMP) . This conversion is vital for the re-utilization of free intracellular bases and purine nucleosides .

The activity of GMPR2 is essential for maintaining the intracellular balance of adenine and guanine nucleotides . Overexpression of GMPR2 has been shown to promote the monocytic differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells . This suggests that GMPR2 may play a role in cellular differentiation and proliferation.

Recombinant GMPR2 protein has been used in various research studies to understand its enzymatic properties and biological functions . The enzyme’s ability to promote monocytic differentiation makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in leukemia .