Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia protein is >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Description
The E.Coli derived recombinant Giardia intestinalis protein amino acids 21-290. Giardia lamblia protein is fused to 6xHis tag at C-terminal and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Giardia intestinalis trophozoite, also known as Giardia lamblia, is a flagellated parasite that colonizes and multiplies in the small intestine, leading to giardiasis. This parasite attaches to the intestinal epithelium using a ventral adhesive disc and reproduces through binary fission. It resides in the lumen of the small intestine and thrives in anaerobic conditions, absorbing nutrients from its surroundings. Transmission to humans primarily occurs through the consumption of untreated sewage, a significant issue in many developing countries, and contaminated water sources in areas with intensive livestock grazing.
This recombinant Giardia intestinalis protein, spanning amino acids 21 to 290, is derived from E. coli. It includes a C-terminal 6xHis tag and is purified using proprietary chromatographic methods.
The purity of the Giardia lamblia protein exceeds 90%, as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.
The Giardia Intestinalis antigen is supplied at a concentration of 1 mg/ml in 1x PBS buffer with a pH of 7.2.
While the Giardia Intestinalis protein remains stable at 4°C for up to 1 week, it is recommended to store it at temperatures below -18°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to maintain protein integrity.
This protein exhibits reactivity with serum samples that test positive for Giardia infection.
Product Science Overview
Giardia intestinalis, also known as Giardia lamblia or Giardia duodenalis, is a protozoan parasite that infects the small intestine of various mammals, including humans. The infection caused by this parasite is known as giardiasis, which can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, malabsorption, and abdominal discomfort. The life cycle of Giardia intestinalis includes two main stages: the cyst and the trophozoite. The trophozoite is the active, disease-causing stage of the parasite.
The trophozoite stage is characterized by its pear-shaped, flagellated form, which allows it to move and attach to the intestinal lining. This stage is crucial for the parasite’s survival and pathogenicity. Trophozoites adhere to the intestinal epithelial cells using a specialized structure called the ventral disc . This interaction can lead to the loss of microvilli, inhibition of disaccharidase activity, and increased intestinal permeability .
Recombinant technology has been employed to study and manipulate the trophozoite stage of Giardia intestinalis. By creating recombinant trophozoites, researchers can investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the parasite’s pathogenicity and immune evasion strategies. One of the key proteins involved in immune evasion is the variant-specific surface protein (VSP). VSPs cover the surface of trophozoites and help them evade the host’s immune system .
Recent studies have focused on the role of VSPs in modulating host immune responses. For instance, the VSPAS7 protein has been shown to attenuate Giardia-induced host macrophage pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death . By inhibiting the activation of signaling pathways and reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, VSPAS7 helps the parasite evade the host’s immune defenses .
Additionally, dual-species RNA sequencing has been used to analyze the gene expression programs of both Giardia intestinalis and the host intestinal epithelial cells during infection . This approach has provided insights into how trophozoite fitness influences the host’s inflammatory response and the overall outcome of the infection .
