GFER Human

Growth Factor, Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT11910
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR, Augmenter of liver regeneration, Hepatopoietin, GFER, ALR, HERV1, HPO, ALR, HSS, ERV1, HPO1, HPO2.
Appearance
Sterile Filtered colorless solution.
Purity
Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

GFER Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 229 amino acids (1-205 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 26kDa.
GFER is fused to a 24 amino acid His-tag at N-terminus & purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Product Specs

Introduction
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR (GFER) is a member of the Erv1/ALR family of proteins found in various organisms, including higher and lower eukaryotes. GFER acts as a hepatotrophic growth factor and a flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase, exhibiting its presence in multiple tissues. It plays a crucial role in inducing the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylases (ODC), enzymes central to polyamine synthesis. ALR, a hepatotrophic factor, is believed to contribute to the remarkable regenerative ability of the mammalian liver. Notably, the GFER gene resides on chromosome 16 within the region containing the locus for polycystic kidney disease (PKD1).
Description
Recombinant GFER Human, produced in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain comprising 229 amino acids (specifically, amino acids 1 to 205). It possesses a molecular mass of 26 kDa. For purification purposes, a 24 amino acid His-tag is fused to the N-terminus of GFER, and proprietary chromatographic techniques are employed.
Physical Appearance
Clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Formulation
The GFER protein solution is provided at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. It is formulated in a buffer consisting of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 0.2 M NaCl, 50% glycerol, and 2 mM DTT.
Stability
For optimal storage, the product should be kept at 4°C if the entire vial is intended for use within 2 to 4 weeks. For extended storage, freezing at -20°C is recommended. To further enhance long-term stability, the addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is advisable. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.
Purity
The purity of the GFER protein is determined to be greater than 90.0% based on SDS-PAGE analysis.
Synonyms
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR, Augmenter of liver regeneration, Hepatopoietin, GFER, ALR, HERV1, HPO, ALR, HSS, ERV1, HPO1, HPO2.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MGSHMAAPGE RGRFHGGNLF FLPGGARSEM MDDLATDARG RGAGRRDAAA SASTPAQAPT SDSPVAEDAS RRRPCRACVD FKTWMRTQQK RDTKFREDCP PDREELGRHS WAVLHTLAAY YPDLPTPEQQ QDMAQFIHLF SKFYPCEECA EDLRKRLCRN HPDTRTRACF TQWLCHLHNE VNRKLGKPDF DCSKVDERWR DGWKDGSCD.

Product Science Overview

Introduction

The Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR), also known as hepatopoietin or hepatic stimulatory substance, is a growth factor that plays a crucial role in liver regeneration. It was initially identified for its ability to promote the growth of hepatocytes in the regenerating or injured liver . ALR is expressed ubiquitously in all organs, but in the liver, it is exclusively found in hepatocytes .

Discovery and Significance

The discovery of ALR marked a significant advancement in understanding liver regeneration. The liver has a unique ability to regenerate itself after injury, which is essential for maintaining its vital functions in metabolism and detoxification . ALR was found to be a key player in this regenerative process, making it a focal point for research aimed at developing therapies for liver diseases and injuries.

Mechanism of Action

ALR functions by stimulating the proliferation of hepatocytes, the primary cells of the liver. It acts through various signaling pathways that are triggered by cytokines and other growth factors . These pathways are crucial for initiating and sustaining the regenerative process, ensuring that the liver can recover from damage and continue to perform its essential functions.

Clinical Applications

The recombinant form of ALR, known as human recombinant ALR, has been developed to harness its regenerative properties for therapeutic purposes. This form is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which allows for the large-scale production of the protein. Human recombinant ALR has shown promise in preclinical studies for its ability to enhance liver regeneration and improve outcomes in liver injury models .

Current Research and Future Directions

Research on ALR continues to evolve, with ongoing studies aimed at elucidating its full range of functions and potential therapeutic applications. Scientists are exploring the use of ALR in combination with other growth factors and cytokines to enhance its regenerative effects . Additionally, there is interest in understanding how ALR interacts with other cellular processes and its potential role in treating chronic liver diseases .

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