FDFT1 Human

Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1), also known as squalene synthase, is a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. This enzyme is encoded by the FDFT1 gene in humans and plays a significant role in the mevalonate pathway, which is essential for the production of sterols, including cholesterol .

FDFT1 is a membrane-associated enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis. It facilitates the dimerization of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to form squalene in a two-step reaction . This reaction is pivotal as it marks the transition from the production of simple isoprenoids to the complex sterols.

The mevalonate pathway, where FDFT1 operates, is a critical metabolic pathway that leads to the synthesis of cholesterol and other isoprenoids. Cholesterol is an essential biomolecule involved in various cellular processes, including membrane structure, hormone production, and signaling . The activity of FDFT1 is tightly regulated to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in the body.

FDFT1 has garnered attention for its role in various diseases, particularly those related to cholesterol metabolism. Abnormalities in cholesterol levels are linked to conditions such as hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and certain types of cancer . Elevated expression of FDFT1 has been observed in some cancers, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and a target for therapeutic intervention .

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of FDFT1 in cancer biology. The enzyme’s role in metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation, and invasion makes it a promising target for cancer treatment . Inhibitors of FDFT1 are being explored not only to lower cholesterol levels but also as potential anticancer agents .