FAM19A5 Human

FAM19A5 was first identified as an adipokine, a type of protein secreted by adipose tissue, by Wang et al . It is predominantly expressed in the brain and adipose tissues . The protein has a signal peptide consisting of the first 43 N-terminal amino acids, which directs the protein to be secreted outside the cell .

FAM19A5 plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. It has been shown to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, thereby preventing neointima formation after vascular injury . This function is mediated through its interaction with the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), which activates downstream G12/13-RhoA signaling .

Recent studies have highlighted the potential clinical significance of FAM19A5. For instance, circulating levels of FAM19A5 are inversely associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) . Lower levels of FAM19A5 have been linked to higher risks of atherosclerosis and other metabolic disorders . Additionally, downregulation of FAM19A5 in obese individuals may contribute to the development of cardiometabolic diseases .

Research on FAM19A5 is still in its early stages, but it holds promise for therapeutic applications. The recombinant form of FAM19A5 is being studied for its potential to treat cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders . Further studies are needed to fully understand its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.