FABP3 Human

Fatty Acid Binding Protein-3 (FABP3), also known as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) or mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI), is a small cytoplasmic protein that plays a crucial role in the intracellular transport of long-chain fatty acids and their acyl-CoA esters . FABP3 is predominantly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and brown adipose tissue . This protein is part of a larger family of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) that are involved in the uptake, intracellular metabolism, and transport of fatty acids .

The FABP3 gene is located on human chromosome 1p35 and contains four exons . The protein itself has a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa and consists of 132 amino acids . The structure of FABP3 includes a beta-barrel that forms a binding pocket for fatty acids, allowing it to transport these molecules within the cell .

FABP3 is essential for the efficient transport and utilization of fatty acids within cells. It binds free fatty acids, cholesterol, and retinoids, facilitating their transport to various cellular compartments, including the nucleus . This protein is also involved in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation, making it a candidate tumor suppressor gene for human breast cancer .

Recombinant human FABP3 is typically produced using an Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression system . The protein is purified using affinity chromatography techniques, often involving a His-tag for easy purification . The recombinant protein is then subjected to various quality control measures, including SDS-PAGE to ensure purity and proper folding .

Recombinant FABP3 is widely used in research to study its role in fatty acid metabolism and its potential as a biomarker for tissue damage . Elevated levels of FABP3 in the bloodstream can indicate damage to heart or skeletal muscle tissues, making it a valuable diagnostic tool . Additionally, FABP3 is used in various immunological assays as a positive control .