Exendin 4
Greater than 96.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Description
Exendin-4 Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 39 amino acids and having a molecular mass of approximately 4.2kDa. Exendin-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Product Specs
Exedin-4 Recombinant is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. GLP-1 is a naturally occurring hormone produced in the gut of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum), a reptile found in the desert. Exedin-4 stimulates insulin production in a glucose-dependent manner, which helps regulate blood sugar levels without the risk of severe hypoglycemia (dangerously low blood sugar) associated with some anti-diabetic medications. Researchers have found that Exedin-4, derived from Gila monster saliva, shows promise in treating Type 2 Diabetes. Unlike some existing Type 2 Diabetes treatments, Exedin-4 has not been linked to weight gain and has even demonstrated weight loss in studies. Exedin-4 works by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppressing excessive glucagon secretion, and slowing down gastric emptying. Furthermore, it has been shown to promote the growth and formation of insulin-producing beta cells both in laboratory settings and animal models. Interestingly, Exedin-4 increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in pancreatic acinar cells without stimulating the release of amylase, an enzyme involved in digestion.
Exendin-4 Recombinant, produced in E. coli, is a polypeptide chain devoid of any glycosylation. It comprises 39 amino acids and has an approximate molecular weight of 4.2kDa. The purification of Exendin-4 is achieved using specialized chromatographic methods.
The product is lyophilized from a concentrated solution in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4, which has been sterile filtered through a 0.2 micrometer filter.
The purity of Exendin-4 Recombinant is greater than 96.0%, as determined by the following methods:
(a) Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis.
(b) Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis.
Exendin-4 demonstrates several key biological activities, including:
1. Rapid regulation of glucose levels.
2. Reduction of insulin resistance, improving the body's response to insulin.
3. Suppression of glucagon secretion, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels.
4. Stimulation of beta cell growth and insulin production, enhancing the body's ability to produce insulin.
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Product Science Overview
Exendin-4 was first discovered in 1990 by Dr. John Eng at the Veterans Administration Center in the Bronx, New York . Dr. Eng was investigating the effects of various venoms on the pancreas and found that the venom of the Gila monster contained a peptide that could stimulate insulin secretion . This discovery led to further research into the potential therapeutic applications of Exendin-4, particularly in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Exendin-4 has several important biological activities that make it a promising candidate for diabetes treatment:
- Regulation of Glucose Levels: Exendin-4 enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, which helps to regulate blood glucose levels .
- Reduction of Insulin Resistance: By promoting beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis, Exendin-4 helps to improve insulin sensitivity .
- Suppression of Glucagon Secretion: Exendin-4 suppresses the secretion of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels .
- Reduction of HbA1c Levels: Exendin-4 has been shown to reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which is an important marker of long-term blood glucose control .
The therapeutic potential of Exendin-4 has been explored extensively in both preclinical and clinical studies. It has been shown to improve glycemic control and beta-cell function in various animal models of diabetes . For example, the albumin-exendin-4 recombinant protein E2HSA, which consists of two tandem exendin-4 molecules covalently bonded to recombinant human serum albumin, has been shown to significantly reduce blood glucose levels and improve beta-cell function in diabetic mice .
