DR1 Human

Down-Regulator of Transcription 1 Human Recombinant
Cat. No.
BT5321
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms
NC2, NC2-BETA, Negative cofactor 2-beta.
Appearance
Sterile filtered colorless solution.
Purity
Greater than 85.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

DR1 Recombinant Human produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 196 amino acids (1-176 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 21.6 kDa. The DR1 is fused to 20 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Product Specs

Introduction
DR1, a phosphoprotein, functions as a transcriptional inhibitor by suppressing both basal and activated transcription levels. Notably, DR1 undergoes phosphorylation in vivo, influencing its interaction with the TATA-binding protein (TBP). Structurally, DR1 comprises a histone fold motif at its amino terminus, a TBP-binding domain, and a region rich in glutamine and alanine residues. DR1 plays a crucial role in regulating transcriptional output by selectively repressing RNA polymerases II and III, thereby shifting the balance towards RNA polymerase I activity.
Description
Recombinant Human DR1, expressed in E. coli, is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 196 amino acids (specifically, amino acids 1 to 176). The protein has a molecular mass of 21.6 kDa. For purification purposes, a 20 amino acid His-Tag is fused to the N-terminus of DR1, and proprietary chromatographic techniques are employed.
Physical Appearance
The product appears as a clear, colorless solution that has been sterilized by filtration.
Formulation
The DR1 protein is supplied in a solution at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. The solution also contains 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1 mM PMSF, 0.1 M NaCl, and 10% glycerol.
Stability
For short-term storage (2-4 weeks), the product can be stored at 4°C. For extended storage, it is recommended to store the product frozen at -20°C. To further enhance long-term stability, consider adding a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). It is important to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
The purity of the DR1 protein is determined to be greater than 85.0% using SDS-PAGE analysis.
Synonyms
NC2, NC2-BETA, Negative cofactor 2-beta.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MASSSGNDDD LTIPRAAINK MIKETLPNVR VANDARELVV NCCTEFIHLI SSEANEICNK SEKKTISPEH VIQALESLGF GSYISEVKEV LQECKTVALK RRKASSRLEN LGIPEEELLR QQQELFAKAR QQQAELAQQE WLQMQQAAQQ AQLAAASASA NQAGSSQDE EDDDDI.

Product Science Overview

Structure and Function

DR1 is a TBP (TATA box-binding protein)-associated phosphoprotein that represses both basal and activated levels of transcription . The protein contains several important domains:

  • Histone Fold Motif: Located at the amino terminus, this motif is involved in protein-protein interactions.
  • TBP-Binding Domain: This domain allows DR1 to interact with TBP, a critical component of the transcription machinery.
  • Glutamine- and Alanine-Rich Region: This region is involved in the repression of transcription .

The binding of DR1 to TBP-promoter complexes can inhibit the assembly of the preinitiation complex, thereby controlling the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription .

Mechanism of Action

The DR1 protein functions as part of a heterodimer with DRAP1 (DR1-associated protein 1). This heterodimer interacts with TBP to repress transcription by preventing the association of other transcription factors such as TFIIA and TFIIB with TBP . This interaction effectively blocks the formation of a transcription-competent complex, thereby inhibiting gene expression .

Biological Significance

DR1 is involved in various biological processes, including:

  • Chromatin Organization: DR1 plays a role in the structural organization of chromatin, which is essential for the regulation of gene expression .
  • Gene Expression: By repressing transcription, DR1 helps regulate the expression of specific genes, ensuring that they are expressed at the right time and in the right amounts .
Clinical Relevance

Mutations or dysregulation of the DR1 gene have been associated with certain diseases, including:

  • AIDS Phobia: An irrational fear of acquiring AIDS.
  • Nosophobia: A general fear of contracting diseases .
Research and Applications

Human recombinant DR1 is used in various research applications to study its role in transcription regulation and its potential implications in disease. Understanding the function and regulation of DR1 can provide insights into the mechanisms of gene expression and the development of therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with transcriptional dysregulation.

For more detailed information, you can refer to resources like GeneCards and The Human Protein Atlas.

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