DDAVP

Desmopressin
Cat. No.
BT15909
Source
Synonyms
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 98.0% as determined by:
(a) Analysis by RP-HPLC.
(b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTek's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Desmopressin also called ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) has a molecular formula of C46H64N14O12S2 , Mpr-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-D-Arg-Gly-NH2 having a Mw of 1069.23 Dalton.

Product Specs

Introduction
As the first vasopressin analog with significant and specific antidiuretic effects, Desmopressin is widely used for therapeutic purposes. It is believed to play a role in memory formation, learning, and memory processes. By increasing urine concentration and decreasing urine production, Desmopressin helps prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration.
Description
Desmopressin, also known as Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), has the molecular formula C46H64N14O12S2 and the structure Mpr-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-D-Arg-Gly-NH2. It has a molecular weight of 1069.23 Daltons.
Physical Appearance
Desmopressin appears as a sterile, white powder that has been lyophilized (freeze-dried).
Formulation
The Desmopressin peptide undergoes lyophilization without the addition of any other substances.
Solubility
For reconstitution, it is advised to dissolve the lyophilized DDAVP in sterile 18MΩ-cm H2O at a minimum concentration of 100 µg/ml. Further dilutions can be made using other aqueous solutions.
Stability
While lyophilized Desmopressin remains stable at room temperature for up to three weeks, it is recommended to store it in a desiccated state below -18°C. After reconstitution, DDAVP should be stored at 4°C for 2-7 days. For longer-term storage, freezing at -18°C is recommended, and the addition of a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) is advised. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
Desmopressin has a purity exceeding 98.0%, as determined by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis.

Product Science Overview

Chemical Structure and Properties

Desmopressin is a small peptide with the chemical formula C46H64N14O12S2 and a molar mass of 1069.22 g/mol . It is structurally similar to vasopressin but has been modified to enhance its antidiuretic potency and prolong its duration of action. The modifications include the deamination of 1-cysteine and the substitution of 8-L-arginine with 8-D-arginine .

Mechanism of Action

Desmopressin primarily acts on the V2 receptors in the kidneys, which are responsible for water reabsorption. By binding to these receptors, desmopressin increases the permeability of the renal collecting ducts, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream. This results in a decrease in urine production and an increase in urine concentration .

Medical Uses

Desmopressin has a wide range of medical applications, including:

  1. Diabetes Insipidus: Desmopressin is used to treat central diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to a deficiency of vasopressin .
  2. Nocturnal Enuresis: It is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bedwetting in both children and adults. Desmopressin helps reduce nighttime urine production, allowing for uninterrupted sleep .
  3. Hemophilia A and von Willebrand Disease: Desmopressin is used to manage mild to moderate cases of these bleeding disorders by increasing the levels of clotting factors in the blood .
  4. Nocturia: It is also indicated for the treatment of nocturia, a condition where individuals wake up frequently during the night to urinate .
Administration and Dosage

Desmopressin is available in various formulations, including intranasal solution, intravenous solution, oral tablets, and sublingual tablets . The dosage and route of administration depend on the specific condition being treated and the patient’s response to the medication.

Side Effects and Precautions

Common side effects of desmopressin include headaches, nausea, and mild abdominal pain . One of the most significant risks associated with desmopressin is hyponatremia, a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, which can lead to seizures and other serious complications . Therefore, it is essential to monitor sodium levels regularly during treatment. Desmopressin should be used with caution in patients with kidney problems or a history of hyponatremia .

Historical Development

Desmopressin was first synthesized in the early 1970s and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1978 . Since then, it has become a widely used medication for various conditions related to water balance and bleeding disorders. It is also listed on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, highlighting its importance in global health .

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