Cyclosporin A

Cyclosporin-A
Cat. No.
BT1103
Source

Beauveria Nivea.

Synonyms
Appearance
Sterile Filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.
Purity
Greater than 99.0% as determined by RP-HPLC.
Usage
Prospec's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Cyclosporin is a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant agent consisting of 11 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 1202.64. It is produced as a metabolite by the fungus species Beauveria nlyea. Chemically, cyclosporin is designated as [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-cyclic(L-alanyl-D- alanyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-3-hydroxy-N, 4-dimethyl-L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-L-a-amino-butyryl- N-methylglycyl-N- methyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl). Molecular Formula: C62H111N11O12.

Product Specs

Introduction
Cyclosporin A, a naturally occurring cyclic peptide composed of 11 amino acids, serves as a noncytotoxic immunosuppressant. Clinically, it finds application in treating autoimmune and inflammatory conditions and preventing organ rejection following transplantation. The primary mechanism of action of Cyclosporin involves suppressing T lymphocyte function, crucial for the progression of inflammation. Unlike other immunosuppressive agents, Cyclosporin A exhibits a rapid onset of action and selectively targets T lymphocytes without affecting other hematopoietic cells or causing bone marrow suppression. However, nephrotoxicity induced by Cyclosporin A remains a significant clinical concern, with oxidative stress being implicated as a potential contributing factor.
Description
Cyclosporin, a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant composed of 11 amino acids, possesses a molecular weight of 1202.64 g/mol. It is derived as a metabolite from the fungus Beauveria nlyea. The chemical structure of cyclosporin is represented as [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-cyclic(L-alanyl-D-alanyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-3-hydroxy-N,4-dimethyl-L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-L-α-amino-butyryl-N-methylglycyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl). Its molecular formula is C62H111N11O12.
Physical Appearance
White, sterile-filtered powder obtained through lyophilization.
Formulation
Cyclosporin-A, in a concentrated solution of 1 mg/ml, undergoes lyophilization without the addition of any excipients.
Solubility
For reconstitution of lyophilized Cyclosporin-A, anhydrous ethanol (analytical grade) is recommended, aiming for a concentration of 50 mg/ml.
Stability
Lyophilized Cyclosporin A demonstrates stability at room temperature for up to 3 weeks. However, for prolonged storage, it is advisable to store it desiccated at a temperature below -18°C. After reconstitution, Cyclosporin A should be stored at 4°C for a duration of 2-7 days. For extended storage, it is recommended to store it below -18°C. It's important to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
The purity of Cyclosporin A exceeds 99.0%, as determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
Source

Beauveria Nivea.

Product Science Overview

Discovery and Development

The immunosuppressive properties of Cyclosporin-A were identified in 1971 during a screening test . This discovery was pivotal, as it opened up new possibilities for organ transplantation and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. By 1976, the chemical structure of Cyclosporin-A had been determined .

Mechanism of Action

Cyclosporin-A works by inhibiting the activity of calcineurin, a protein phosphatase involved in activating T-cells of the immune system . This inhibition prevents the immune system from attacking transplanted organs, thereby reducing the risk of organ rejection. The drug is also used to treat various autoimmune disorders due to its ability to suppress the immune response.

Medical Uses

Cyclosporin-A has become a cornerstone in the field of organ transplantation. It is used to prevent rejection in kidney, liver, heart, and other organ transplants . Additionally, it is employed in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn’s disease .

Pharmacokinetics

Cyclosporin-A is administered orally or intravenously. It is metabolized in the liver by the enzyme CYP3A4 and has a variable bioavailability . The drug is excreted primarily through the bile duct, and its elimination half-life is approximately 24 hours .

Side Effects

While Cyclosporin-A is highly effective, it is not without side effects. Common side effects include nephrotoxicity, hypertension, and an increased risk of infections due to its immunosuppressive nature . Long-term use can also lead to liver dysfunction and an increased risk of malignancies.

Historical Significance

The discovery and development of Cyclosporin-A marked a significant milestone in medical history. It transformed organ transplantation from a high-risk procedure with limited success to a routine and highly successful treatment option. The drug’s ability to suppress the immune system without causing widespread toxicity has made it an invaluable tool in modern medicine .

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