CRMP-1 was first identified as an intracellular protein mediating the action of semaphorin-3A (Sema3A), a repulsive axon guidance molecule . It is part of the semaphorin signal transduction pathway, which is implicated in semaphorin-induced growth cone collapse during neural development . The CRMP family proteins are known to be microtubule-associated proteins that regulate various processes such as axon guidance, synapse maturation, and cell migration .
CRMP-1 and its family members are involved in the entire process of developing the nervous system. They interact with various proteins, including receptors, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins, and motor proteins . The C-terminal region of CRMPs undergoes posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, which regulates these interactions . The phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process is pivotal in neuronal development, regeneration, and neurodegenerative disorders .
CRMP-1 has been implicated in several neurological disorders. For instance, it has been identified as a potential blood-based diagnostic marker for schizophrenia . Studies have shown that CRMP-1 expression is increased in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from schizophrenia patients, suggesting its role in the disease’s pathology . Additionally, CRMP-1 acts as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer, although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood .
Given its significant role in neuronal development and disease, CRMP-1 is considered a promising target for therapeutic intervention. The phenotypic analysis of gene-knockout models and studies of pharmacological responses to CRMP-related drugs suggest that targeting the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process could be beneficial in treating neurodegenerative disorders .