Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 Binding Protein, also known as COL4A3BP or Goodpasture antigen-binding protein, is a significant protein in the human body. It plays a crucial role in the structural integrity of basement membranes, particularly in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of the kidneys. This article delves into the background, structure, function, and clinical significance of this protein.
Collagen Type IV is a major structural component of basement membranes, forming a network-like structure. It is composed of three alpha subunits, encoded by six different genes (alpha 1 through alpha 6). The alpha 3 subunit, encoded by the COL4A3 gene, is a critical component of this structure . The recombinant form of this protein is produced in insect cells and is available in a highly purified form, suitable for various research applications .
The primary function of Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 is to provide structural support to basement membranes. It forms a ‘chicken-wire’ meshwork along with other proteins such as laminins, proteoglycans, and entactin/nidogen . This meshwork is essential for the filtration function of the glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys.
Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 is associated with several clinical conditions. In Goodpasture syndrome, autoantibodies target the collagen molecules in the basement membranes of alveoli and glomeruli, leading to kidney and lung damage . The epitopes that elicit these autoantibodies are primarily located in the non-collagenous C-terminal domain of the protein . Additionally, mutations in the COL4A3 gene are linked to an autosomal recessive form of Alport syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting the kidneys, eyes, and ears .
The recombinant form of Collagen Type IV Alpha 3 is produced using Sf9 insect cells and is available in a sterile filtered clear solution . It is used in various diagnostic assays, including ELISA, to detect autoantibodies in patients with Goodpasture syndrome . The recombinant protein is also suitable for biotinylation and iodination, making it a versatile tool for research and diagnostic purposes .