CIRBP functions primarily as a translational activator and is essential for the cold-induced suppression of cell proliferation . When cells are exposed to mild hypothermia, CIRBP expression is induced, which helps in stabilizing mRNA transcripts and promoting cell survival. This induction is mediated by a specific regulatory sequence in the 5′ flanking region of the CIRBP gene, known as the mild-cold responsive element (MCRE). The transcription factor Sp1 binds to this element, enhancing CIRBP expression at lower temperatures .
Recombinant CIRBP is produced using recombinant DNA technology, which allows for the expression and purification of this protein in various host organisms. This technology has made it feasible to produce CIRBP in large quantities, which is particularly useful for research and potential therapeutic applications. The expression of recombinant proteins, including CIRBP, can be optimized using cold-shock promoters, which are genetic elements that respond to low temperatures and enhance protein expression .
The ability to produce recombinant CIRBP has several important applications: