CD3G Human
Description
Product Specs
Product Science Overview
CD3G, also known as CD3-gamma, is a crucial component of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex, which plays a vital role in the adaptive immune response. The TCR complex is present on the surface of T-lymphocytes and is responsible for recognizing antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The CD3G protein, along with CD3-epsilon (CD3E), CD3-delta (CD3D), and CD3-zeta (CD3Z), forms the CD3 complex that transmits signals from the TCR across the cell membrane, leading to T-cell activation .
The CD3G protein is encoded by the CD3G gene and is part of the invariant chains of the TCR complex. The TCR complex consists of a variable heterodimer (either TCRαβ or TCRγδ) responsible for ligand recognition and three invariant dimers (CD3γε, CD3δε, and ζζ/CD247) that participate in the assembly and surface expression of the TCR complex . The binding of the peptide-MHC complex by the TCR results in conformational changes in the CD3 chains, leading to the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 and ζζ/CD247 chains . This phosphorylation event triggers several signaling cascades that result in T-cell activation and the induction of a cellular immune response .
Recombinant CD3G is a laboratory-produced version of the human CD3G protein. It is often used in research to study the function and structure of the TCR complex, as well as in the development of therapeutic interventions targeting T-cell-mediated immune responses. Recombinant proteins are typically produced using expression systems such as HEK293 cells, which allow for the production of high-purity proteins with high biological activity and stability .
Mutations in the CD3G gene can lead to immunodeficiency disorders. While defects in CD3D, CD3E, and CD3Z genes cause severe immune deficiencies, CD3G mutations generally result in milder phenotypes characterized by autoimmunity . Understanding the role of CD3G in T-cell function and immune regulation is crucial for developing targeted therapies for immune-related diseases.
