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Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) is a protein that plays a crucial role in inhibiting the metastasis of breast cancer cells. Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to distant organs, leading to the formation of secondary tumors. This process is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. BRMS1 has been identified as a key player in suppressing this process, making it a significant focus of cancer research.
BRMS1 was discovered in the 1990s through studies that observed a correlation between deletions in chromosome 11 and increased cancer aggressiveness in breast cancer patients . The BRMS1 gene is located on chromosome 11q13.1-q13.2 . It was found that the introduction of a normal human chromosome 11 into metastatic breast cancer cells significantly reduced their metastatic potential without affecting their ability to form primary tumors .
BRMS1 functions as part of the mSin3-HDAC (histone deacetylase) transcription co-repressor complex . This complex is involved in chromatin remodeling, which regulates the expression of various genes. BRMS1 has been implicated in several signaling pathways, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and NF-κB signaling pathways . These pathways are crucial for cell migration, invasion, and survival, all of which are key steps in the metastatic process.
BRMS1 has demonstrated a variety of effects on cell functions, such as reducing cell migration, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and enhancing cell adhesion . It also modulates the immune recognition of cancer cells. These effects collectively contribute to its robust anti-metastatic influence. BRMS1 has been shown to suppress metastasis not only in breast cancer but also in other cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, melanoma, and rectal cancer .
Recent clinical studies have confirmed that BRMS1 can be used as a prognostic marker for cancer progression . Its expression levels are positively correlated with patient outcomes, making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions. Approaches to develop anti-cancer treatments that leverage BRMS1’s mechanisms are currently being explored .