ASMT Human

The gene encoding ASMT is located in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) at the ends of the short arms of both the X and Y chromosomes . This region is unique because it is present on both sex chromosomes, allowing for the gene to be expressed in both males and females. The ASMT gene is highly conserved across different species, indicating its essential role in biological processes .

The human recombinant form of ASMT is produced by introducing the gene coding for the human ASMT protein into a plasmid vector, which is then transformed into E. coli cells. These cells are cultured under conditions favorable for the expression of the gene, and the recombinant protein is subsequently isolated and purified .

ASMT is primarily found in the pineal gland and retina, where it is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles through the production of melatonin . Melatonin is a hormone that signals the body to prepare for sleep, and its production is influenced by the light-dark cycle. ASMT’s role in melatonin synthesis makes it a critical enzyme for maintaining the body’s internal clock and overall health.

In addition to its role in melatonin synthesis, ASMT also catalyzes the conversion of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetate to 5-methoxy-indoleacetate, another reaction in the tryptophan metabolism pathway . This dual functionality highlights the enzyme’s importance in various biochemical processes.

Recombinant human ASMT is used in various research applications to study its function and regulation. Understanding the enzyme’s activity can provide insights into sleep disorders, mood disorders, and other conditions related to circadian rhythm disruptions. Additionally, ASMT has been studied for its potential role in the diagnosis and prognosis of pineal parenchymal cell tumors .

The recombinant form of ASMT is typically produced with tags, such as an N-terminal 10xHis tag and a C-terminal Myc tag, to facilitate its purification and detection in experimental settings . This allows researchers to study the enzyme in a controlled environment and gain a deeper understanding of its biochemical properties and interactions.