Asialoglycoprotein Receptor 2 (ASGR2) is a crucial component of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) system, primarily found in the liver. This receptor plays a significant role in the clearance of glycoproteins from the bloodstream. ASGR2, along with its counterpart ASGR1, forms a hetero-oligomeric complex that mediates the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins with exposed terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues .
ASGR2 is a transmembrane protein that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane . It is composed of a major 48 kDa subunit (ASGR1) and a minor 40 kDa subunit (ASGR2) . The receptor is responsible for recognizing and binding to desialylated glycoproteins, facilitating their internalization and subsequent degradation in lysosomes .
ASGR2 is predominantly expressed in hepatocytes, the main functional cells of the liver . The receptor’s expression is regulated by various factors, including hormonal and nutritional states. It plays a vital role in maintaining serum glycoprotein homeostasis by removing glycoproteins that have lost their terminal sialic acid residues .
Recent studies have identified splice variants of ASGR2, which may have different functional roles in hepatocytes . These variants could provide insights into the receptor’s diverse functions and its involvement in liver diseases. Recombinant forms of ASGR2 are used in research to study its structure, function, and potential therapeutic applications.