ARHGEF39 Human

Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 39 (ARHGEF39), also known as C9orf100, is a protein-coding gene that plays a crucial role in cellular processes. It is a member of the Dbl-family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which are responsible for activating Rho GTPases by facilitating the exchange of GDP for GTP .

The ARHGEF39 gene is located on chromosome 9 and encodes a protein that is involved in the regulation of cell migration and proliferation . The protein structure includes domains that are essential for its function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, enabling it to interact with Rho GTPases and promote their activation .

ARHGEF39 is predicted to enable guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity, which is crucial for the activation of Rho GTPases . Rho GTPases act as molecular switches that regulate various cellular functions, including actin cytoskeleton organization, cell motility, polarity, growth, survival, and gene transcription . By activating Rho GTPases, ARHGEF39 plays a significant role in these cellular processes.

ARHGEF39 is involved in several signaling pathways, including the p75 NTR receptor-mediated signaling and signaling by Rho GTPases . It promotes cell proliferation and migration by activating the Rac1/P38 MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathway . This activation leads to the increased expression of Cyclin A2, Cyclin D1, and MMP2, which are essential for cell cycle progression and extracellular matrix degradation .

ARHGEF39 has been associated with various diseases, including glutaric acidemia I and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . In NSCLC, ARHGEF39 promotes tumor progression and invasion, and its expression correlates with poor prognosis . The protein’s role in cell migration and proliferation makes it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in cancer treatment.