The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), also known as the cyclosome, is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the cell cycle by marking specific proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. One of its essential subunits is the Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 13 (ANAPC13), which plays a significant role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of the APC/C complex .
ANAPC13 is a protein-coding gene that encodes a component of the APC/C complex. The APC/C complex is composed of 11-13 subunit proteins, including a cullin (Apc2) and RING (Apc11) subunit, which are essential for its ubiquitin ligase activity . ANAPC13 is evolutionarily conserved and is required for the integrity and ubiquitin ligase activity of the APC/C complex .
The primary function of the APC/C complex is to control cell cycle progression by regulating the degradation of cell cycle regulators such as B-type cyclins. This regulation is achieved through the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins, primarily mediating the formation of ‘Lys-11’-linked polyubiquitin chains .
ANAPC13 is crucial for the proper functioning of the APC/C complex, which in turn is vital for cell cycle regulation. The APC/C complex controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle by triggering the degradation of key cell cycle regulators . This ensures that cells divide correctly and maintain genomic stability.
Mutations or dysregulation of ANAPC13 and other components of the APC/C complex can lead to various diseases. For instance, diseases associated with ANAPC13 include Neurofibromatosis, Familial Spinal, and Middle Ear Adenoma . Understanding the role of ANAPC13 in these diseases can provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating cell cycle-related disorders.