Alarelin

Alarelin mimics the natural GnRH hormone, which is crucial for the regulation of the reproductive system. GnRH is released from the hypothalamus and acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the release of two key hormones: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones are critical for the regulation of reproductive functions, including the maturation of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males .

Alarelin functions by binding to GnRH receptors on the pituitary gland, initially causing an increase in the release of LH and FSH. However, with prolonged administration, it leads to a downregulation of GnRH receptors, thereby reducing the secretion of these gonadotropins. This hormonal suppression can be beneficial in conditions where reducing gonadotropin levels is desired, such as in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers or in managing endometriosis by decreasing estrogen production .

Alarelin is primarily being explored for its use in managing conditions like:

• Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pain and potentially infertility.
• Uterine Fibroids: Noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years.
• Hormone-sensitive cancers: Such as prostate cancer, where reducing hormone levels can help manage the disease .

In veterinary medicine, Alarelin is used to induce ovulation in rabbits at the time of artificial insemination. It is administered intravaginally at doses of up to 50 µg/doe .

Alarelin is typically administered via subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. The specific dosage and regimen depend on the condition being treated and the patient’s response to the therapy. For instance, in the treatment of endometriosis, a common protocol might involve a daily injection for several months, followed by a maintenance dose .

Like any medication, Alarelin is associated with a range of side effects. These can include:

• Hot flashes
• Decreased libido
• Vaginal dryness
• Headaches
• Mood changes

It is crucial for the administration of Alarelin to be supervised by a healthcare professional to ensure proper dosing and to monitor for any adverse effects .

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has established maximum residue limits for Alarelin in all food-producing species. This regulation ensures that the use of Alarelin in veterinary medicine does not pose a risk to human health .