AITR Human

Activation-Inducible TNFR Family Receptor (AITR), also known as TNFRSF18, is a receptor protein that plays a crucial role in immune regulation. It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and is also referred to as Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein (GITR) or CD357 . AITR is primarily involved in modulating T-cell responses and maintaining immune tolerance, making it an intriguing target for therapeutic interventions in various immune-mediated conditions .

AITR is a transmembrane receptor protein that consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular signaling domain . The extracellular domain of AITR interacts with its ligand, GITR ligand (GITRL), leading to downstream signaling events that modulate immune cell function . The binding of GITRL to AITR triggers the activation of several signaling pathways, including the NF-κB pathway, which plays a key role in regulating immune responses .

AITR activation influences T-cell responses by regulating T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production . It plays a significant role in the balance between effector and regulatory T-cell populations, thereby contributing to immune tolerance and homeostasis . AITR is also involved in the suppression of autoimmune responses and the enhancement of anti-tumor immunity .

Given its pivotal role in immune regulation, AITR has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for various immune-related disorders . Therapeutic strategies targeting AITR aim to modulate its signaling pathways to enhance immune responses against tumors or to suppress unwanted immune reactions in autoimmune diseases . Recombinant AITR proteins and AITR-targeting antibodies are being explored for their potential to treat conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory disorders .