ADAT2 Human

The ADAT2 gene is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6 in humans. It encodes a protein that is 191 amino acids long and exists in two isoforms formed by alternative splicing events . The protein belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family and employs zinc as a cofactor for its enzymatic activity .

ADAT2 is predicted to enable tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity, which is crucial for the editing of tRNA molecules. This editing process involves the conversion of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position (position 34) of the tRNA anticodon loop. This modification is vital for the accurate decoding of the genetic code during translation, as inosine can pair with multiple bases, thereby increasing the flexibility and efficiency of the tRNA molecules .

The activity of ADAT2 is essential for the proper functioning of the tRNA molecules, which in turn is critical for the overall process of protein synthesis. The modification of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position allows for the correct pairing of tRNA with mRNA codons, ensuring the accurate translation of the genetic code into proteins .

Recombinant ADAT2 is produced using various expression systems, such as Escherichia coli, to obtain the protein in a purified form. The recombinant protein is often tagged with a His tag at the N-terminus to facilitate purification and detection. The recombinant ADAT2 protein is used in various biochemical assays and research studies to understand its function and mechanism in greater detail .

Recombinant ADAT2 is widely used in research to study the role of tRNA modifications in protein synthesis and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying tRNA editing. It is also used in high-throughput screening assays to identify potential inhibitors or modulators of ADAT2 activity, which could have therapeutic implications for diseases associated with tRNA modifications .

Mutations or dysregulation of the ADAT2 gene have been associated with certain diseases, such as psoriasis. The precise mechanisms by which ADAT2 contributes to these diseases are still under investigation, but it is believed that alterations in tRNA editing could lead to defects in protein synthesis and cellular function .

In summary, Adenosine Deaminase, tRNA-specific 2 (Human Recombinant) is a vital enzyme involved in the modification of tRNA molecules, playing a crucial role in the accurate translation of the genetic code into proteins. Its recombinant form is an important tool in biochemical research, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of tRNA editing and its implications for human health.